PHYSICAL SETTING OF NIGERIA (DRAINAGE OF NIGERIA)
The physical setting of Nigeria includes its drainage system, which is made up of several rivers and water bodies that play an essential role in the country’s ecology, economy, and transportation. Nigeria’s drainage system is primarily divided into four major river basins:
- The Niger River Basin: The longest river in West Africa, the Niger River flows from the northwest, passing through Nigeria and emptying into the Gulf of Guinea. It is the backbone of the country’s drainage system, with several tributaries like the Benue River.
- The Benue River Basin: A major tributary of the Niger River, the Benue River flows from the northeast and joins the Niger River at Lokoja, forming a significant part of Nigeria’s river network.
- The Lake Chad Basin: Located in the northeastern part of Nigeria, this basin covers areas of Nigeria, Chad, Cameroon, and Niger. The lake itself has shrunk dramatically over the years but remains an important water source for the region.
- The Coastal Basin: Located in the southern part of Nigeria, this basin includes rivers such as the Cross River, the Akwa Ibom River, and the Ogun River. These rivers drain into the Atlantic Ocean.
Nigeria’s drainage system supports agriculture, provides water for domestic use, and serves as an important means of transportation. However, the system is also affected by seasonal flooding and changes in climate.